ANNEXURE

 

TERMINOLOGY

       

       

APPLICATION  

A   software   program   package    which communicates   with    the operating  system and  manipulates  data fields,  allowing  a user  to perform  a specific job  (such  as accounting or word processing)

            

ASCII

  American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

    

BIOS

Bi-directional Input  Output System. The part  of the  disk  operating     system in each workstation which per  forms  the  actual   communications  with  input and  devices such as printers, disks,  keyboards,  consoles     etc.

       

 BIT

A binary digit - ZERO(0) or ONE(1), used   to  represent numbers in the binary system.

       

BUFFER

A small area in the core of a   computer   used to   hold incoming and                                                    outgoing data, sort  of  waiting room.  Also  applied  to similar  holding    areas   when   data   is transferred  between tapes and  disks,  or any other  device.

       

CARTRIDGE TAPE /CTD

 Secondary storage device like audio tapes.

       

CD-ROM

Compact Disc- Read Only Memory

 

DAT

Digital Audio Tape (Used for Data Backup)

      

CHARACTER  

A  single letter of the alphabet or any special symbol such as $,@ %   ^ etc.

 

 

       

COMPILER

A programme that converts  complete  high level language programs into machine  level language.

 

CPU      

 Central   Processing Unit.  Controls  the interpretation  and    execution f instructions.

       

DATA BASE

An integrated system of data files that enables  all programs to access  the  data and  which allows legal  enquiries  to  be made.

   

DBMS

Data Base Management System.

       

DISK

The primary means of storing  data  for rapid access of CPU.

        

DISK DRIVE

The drive that contains disks and moves them  to allow access to the data on  the disk.

       

SERVER

Hardware that shares disk drives  which are physically divided into user  areas.  Network    technology   preceding   file server   concept, which  uses   logical divisions.

       

 DMP

Dot  matrix  printer 

       

DOCUMENT  PRINTER

Printer used to print Pass Books and  Drafts etc.

       

OS

Operating System. A PC  operating  system.

                 

EISA

Extended Industry Standard Architecture

       

E-MAIL

Electronic Mail (Mail through Modem &  Computer)

         

 

 

 

EXPANSION PORT

A socket in a computer for installing  additional  equipment  ,  such as   a  printer    interface   or   a    network interface.

       

 

FIELD

 Originally  any single data value on a punched    card,  e.g.  price,   account number, quantity, name etc. The term  is often used for any  value of data which can be used during processing.

       

FILE

 A  set of data stored on  a  disk  or magnetic tape referred by a  single name.

       

FILE  SERVER

A part of  Netware  operating  system, provides a facility to store  the files across the net-ware. The file sever may  be  used (to manage  file    sharing  and  system security,  co-ordinate station to station  communications,  and   control  sharable  resources such as disk   drives and  printers). NetWare operating system is  a  proprietary   file  server.  On  a  NetWare  Network, the file server  is  a personal     computer  loaded   with   the NetWare operating system.

 

FLOPPY DISK  

A form of disk used to store  relatively small amount of data.

           

HTML

 Hyper Text Mark-up Language

       

HUB

Terminal Concentrator ( A link between Server and Terminals)

         

ISDN

Integrated Switched Digital Network

       

KILO BYTE (KB)

1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte.

       

MEGA BYTE (MB)

  1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte.

 

GIGA BYTE (GB)

 1024 MB = 1 GB.

 

 

MEMORY

One of the essential components of  a  computer's CPU.   Information  and programs   are  actively processed  in memory.

 

MIS 

Management Information System. A  total  system    of   files    and    high-level programming languages (linked with a database) which   allows the management  to get   almost   all   kinds   of   desired   information.

       

MODEM 

A Modulator-DE Modulator that  converts the signal from a terminal  into a carrier wave comparable to the Telephone circuits and  vice -versa.  It is used  to  connect computers to terminals via the  telephone network system.

 

KBPS

Kilo Bytes Per Second

  

MOUSE 

Device for Navigation on Desktop  or  file on a PC.

       

NODE  /  WORKSTATION

An  individual  personal  computer connected  within a network by a communication card and  used  by an individual to perform  tasks as word processing etc.

       

ON  - LINE 

Anything that is connected  to  CPU directly. Often referred to     The terminals and storage.

      

PARALLEL  PORT 

An interface in  a  computer  that  communicates   with    an   external device   (usually  a   printer)   in parallel  mode,     meaning  it   sends eight bits  at a time through eight wires.

   

PERIPHERALS  

Anything attached to the  computer except  the  CPU  such  as   printer, monitor, mouse etc.

       

PROGRAM   A  collection  of   instructions written in a language the computer  can   deal with and which   enables the computer to    perform some task.

      

 

 

PROTOCOL

A set of procedures or conventions used for Communication   Between two computers.

 

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

       

ROUTER  

Routing Device

       

RAID

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk

 

RAM

Random   Access    Memory.   An integrated circuit designed to  act as the core storage of a  computer. It  can obtain and store  data,  but will lose the data if, for example, the power is switched- off.

       

RANDOM ACCESS

A means of storing data  in such  a manner that any item or field can  be located directly.

       

RDBMS

Relational  Data  Base   Management System   like   Oracle, Informix, Sybase,  Ingress, MS SQL Server etc.

       

ROM

Read Only  Memory.  An  integrated circuit  designed to store  data   For read  only  purposes. It   does   not  loose  the  data  if  the   power   is switched-off.

       

SCANNER

Device to Scan Bitmap Images / Text (used for scanning signatures)

 

SERIAL  PORT

 An  interface  in a  computer  that communicates  with an external   device (usually a printer or modem) in serial mode,  meaning it  sends one bit  at  a  time  through  a  single  wire,   with special bits  to indicate the beginning and end of words.

                   

SOFTWARE

A  generic term used to  describe  all forms  of  computer programs such  as operating  system, applications, database manager and Other programs.

       

 

SOURCE  PROGRAM 

Any  program written in  a  high-level language, before it is compiled

 

SQL

Structured Query Language.

  

TCP/IP

Terminal Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

    

TERMINALS

  Devices  that  allow  on-line  keyboard access  to  a CPU  visual  or     hard-copy output. Sometimes also used to  describe card  readers that   are remote  from  the computer premises.

                    

TIME SHARING

A means of allowing several users to use  core in turn in such a   manner  that it  appears to the user that he  is  the sole  user  of the  computer.  Typically each user can have up to 0.1 sec. of  CPU at a go.

    

UPS

Un-interruptible  Power   Supply.   A  system that   provides    temporary  power  to a computer when the  normal AC power fails.

        

UTILITIES

 Machine-code  programs  held  within a  computer's operating system    which  can be called into the object  modules of    source   programs   to  perform standard functions.

       

VDU

Visual  Display Unit. A terminal that displays  the  computer's output  on  a screen.

 

VIRTUAL MEMORY

 A means of treating the disk  storage in  a  space  other than  in  the   core sector   of   the   hard   disk,   thus effectively increasing the core    memory.

 

VSAT

Very Small Aperture Terminal

        

WINCHESTER DISK

It is magnetic media (typically a sealed hard disk unit) which is  used  to store large amounts of data popularly known as Hard Disk.

 

ATM     

 Automated Teller machine. This is a machine which provides access to an Account Holder  through an ATM card and allows  him to  make enquiries about his  account  and also withdraw money from his / her   Account.

 

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